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INICIJATIVE ZA RAZVOJ MIKROKREDITIRANJA U EVROPSKOJ UNIJI

MICROFINANCE INITIATIVES IN THE EUROPEAN UNION

Emir Operta, magistar ekonomskih nauka, doktorant na FMPE u Travniku
Partner MKF, Tuzla, emir.o@partner.ba

Mehmedalija Hadžović, dr.sci, redovni profesor
Ekonomski fakultet Mostar, mehmedalija.hadzovic@gmail.com

SAŽETAK

Dugo vremena se u razvijenim zemljama smatralo da su mikrokrediti karakterističan alat za borbu protiv siromaštva i nezaposlenosti za nerazvijene zemlje i zemlje u razvoju. U posljednje vrijeme, posebno nakon posljednjeg velikog širenja EU kad je istoj pristupio veći broj zemalja istočne Evrope, kao i periodu nastanka finansijske krize i recesije u EU, mikrokreditiranje je postalo aktuelna tema i prepoznato je od Evropske komisije kao alat za povećanje zaposlenosti u EU. Na osnovu iskustava iz zemalja u kojima je mikrokreditni program zastupljen, Evropska komisija je počela sa institucionalnim razvojem mikrokreditnog programa u EU. Evropska komisija je sistemski pristupila ovom poslu i razvoj mikrokreditnog programa je implementirala putem inicijativa i programa, od kojih su najvažniji: CIP, JASMINE, JEREMIE I PROGRESS. Cilj rada je predstaviti principe i modele razvoja mikrokreditnog programa u EU da bi ih komparirali s modelom razvoja istog u BiH. Također, cilj rada je predstaviti dostignuća u implementaciji tih principa i modela, s posebnim osvrtom na kamatu koju korisnici mikrokredita plaćaju u EU, kao i perspektivu razvoja mikrokreditnog programa u EU,tei implikacije koji isti može imati na BiH. Rezultati istraživanja prezentovani u radu, trebaju biti ulaz, kako prilikom kreiranja zakonodavnog okvira za mikrokreditiranje u BiH, tako i prilikom izrade strateških dokumenta za razvoj lokalnih zajednica u BiH, jer su upravo lokalne zajednice odgovorne za poticanje preduzetničkih aktivnosti na svom području.

Ključne riječi: mikrokredit, Evropska unija, inicijative mikrokreditiranja u EU.

ABSTRACT

There was long lasting consideration in developed countries that micro financing was a typical tool in anti-poverty and unemployment policy for underdeveloped and developing countries. Lately, especially after remarkable EU expansion when many east-European countries joined the EU, at the time going through financial crisis and recession among the old EU members, micro financing became an actual topic and was recognised by the European Commission as the tool for growing employment in the EU. Relaying on the experiences of the countries where micro financing has already existed, the European Commission started with institutional development of micro financing programme in the EU. The European Commission approached to this project in a very systemic way and the development of micro financing programme was implemented by some very important initiatives and programmes such as: CIP, JASMINE, JEREMIE and PROGRESS. The goal of this work is to introduce models and principles of micro financing programme development in the EU, along with comparison to the same development model in Bosnia and Herzegovina, achievements in implementation of those models and principles with the special review of interest rate paid by the EU micro financing users as well as the perspective of micro financing development in the EU and its possible implications on Bosnia and Herzegovina. The research results presented in this work are intended to be an input for both, legislative frame creation for micro financing in Bosnia and Herzegovina and producing strategic documents for local communities development in Bosnia and Herzegovina because of the fact that the local communities are responsible for encouraging entrepreneurial activities at their areas.

Key words: microcredit, European Union, microfinance initiatives in the EU.