Izvorni naučni članak / Original Scientific Article
Primljen / Received: 9.10.2019. UDK: 316.643:37.035:332.021.8:3.07
NEUSKLAĐENOST POLITIČKIH INTERESA – NAJSNAŽNIJA BARIJERA U REFORMI JAVNOG SEKTORA
MISSMATCH OF POLITICAL INTERESTS – THE MOST POWERFUL BARRIER IN THE REFORM OF PUBLIC SECTOR
Dr.sc. Fahrudin Fehrić
Fakultet za menadžment i poslovnu ekonomiju
Univerzitet u Travniku
Dr.sc. Suada Kuljaninović,
Fakultet za upravu
pridružena članica Univerziteta u Sarajevu
suada.kuljaninovic@opcinazivinice.ba
Sažetak
Autori elaboriraju marginaliziranost domaće naučne misli u njenom menadžment izrazu, i zaključuju da bosanskohercegovačka naučna misao nije usaglašena sa interesima pluralne političke javnosti i nesavršenog političkog tržišta u nastajanju, što u značajnoj mjeri negativno utiče na potrebu za redefiniranjem koncepta javnog sektora na svim nivoima.
Svijest o potrebi reformisanja javnog sektora već odavno je prisutna u razvijenom dijelu svijeta, dok je javni sektor u Bosni i Hercegovini još uvijek zatvoren, neusklađen i predstavlja poprilično zastarjeli dio neprofitnog sektora, koji u najprofitabilnijem smislu služi onima koji ne žele njegovo osavremenjavanje. Međutim, bez obzira na takvo stanje, primjetno je da je jedan od glavnih izazova menadžmenta u javnom sektoru, potreba što kvalitetnijeg pružanja usluga korisnicima, i to u pozitivnom, efikasnom i očekivanom odgovoru. Takođe, jednim od osnovnih problema u funkcionisanju javnog sektora, smatra se centralizovani način pružanja javnih usluga i dobara, kojim se pokušava da cjelokupno stanovništvo na podjednak način bude snabdjeveno javnim dobrima, odnosno uslugama. To znači da cjelokupno snabdijevanje javnim uslugama određuje sam centar, odnosno vrh javne vlasti bez prethodno provedenih istraživanja o potrebama i preferenciji pojedinih društvenih grupa, što uzrokuje nemogućnost izbora, a samim time i nezadovoljstvo korisnika javnih usluga. Jedan od glavnih problema država koje prolaze put tranzicije, gdje spada i Bosna i Hercegovina, jeste da se ideja modernog menadžmenta i sam pojam “menadžera” u javnom sektoru, naročito u našem političkom okruženju adekvatno ne vrednuje, što za posljedicu ima zastarjelo ili neadekvatno upravljanje javnim dobrima, nezadovoljstvo korisnika javnih usluga i loš imidž društvene zajednice u cjelini.
Ovakvim prilikama kao posljedicu moramo dodati i veoma rasprostranjenu korupciju u javnom i privatnom sektoru u Bosni i Hercegovini, koja je već odavno prepoznata kao jedna od najvećih kočnica napretka zemlje, i koja prijeti ukoliko se ne suzbije ili barem ne smanji na najmanju moguću mjeru, da uništi svaku zdravu inicijativu i investicije za njen progres. Posljedice ovakvog stanja u državi su raslojavanje društva, održavanje koncepta kriminalnog bogaćenja ljudi, neuspješni procesi privatizacije itd. Iz ovih razloga bosanskohercegovačka javnost sve više dolazi do uvriježenog vjerovanja da znanje, vještine i sposobnosti nisu potrebni da bi se postigao uspjeh, zaradilo bogatstvo ili zaslužio profesionalni status u struci. Sve nabrojane i mnoge druge okolnosti, uticale su na ukupnu praksu upravljanja i (ne)efikasnosti poslovanja, naročito u javnom sektoru. Da bi se uslijed ovakvih okolnosti uspostavilo kvalitetnije upravljanje u javnom sektoru, po sistemu outsourcinga, pred sverastućom konkurencijom, neminovno je da se poslovi i aktivnosti javnog sektora moraju povjeravati partnerskim institucijama koje nisu organizacioni dio javnog sektora, ali su veoma dobro pripremljene da pruže kvalitetne i adekvatne usluge njihovim korisnicima.
Ključne riječi: javni sektor, reforma javne uprave, novi koncept poslovanja, savremeni menadžment, zadovoljstvo korisnika.
Summary
The authors are elaborating the marginalisation of domestic science taught in their management expression, and conclude that Bosnian and Herzegovinian science taught is not matching with the interest of plural political public and imperfect political market yet to be developed which at significant level has a negative effect on re-defining the concept of public sector at all levels.
Awareness on needs to reform the public sector is present for quite some time now in the developed part of the world, whereas in Bosnia and Herzegovina, the public sector is still closed, missmatched and represents quite outdated part of unprofit sector, which in the most profitable sense serves those who do not want its modernisation. However, regardless the condition, it is evident that one of the main challenges of the management in the public sector is the need to provide the most qualitative service to their users, service described as positive, effective and expected. Moreover, one of the basic issues in functioning of public sector is centralized way of providing public services and goods, whose main idea is to try to provide public goods, i.e. services to entire population in equal manner. This means that entire service providing is defined by the center itself, top of the public authority without previously conducted research in needs and preferences of some social groups which causes the inability to make a choice, and thus the dissatisfaction of public service users. One of the main problems of transition countries, including Bosnia and Herzegovina, is that the idea of modern management and the very notion of “managers” in the public sector, especially in our political environment, are not adequately valued, resulting in outdated or inadequate governance, public goods, dissatisfaction with users of public services, and poor image of the community at in general.
These occasions should be added to the widespread corruption in the public and private sectors in Bosnia and Herzegovina, which has long been recognized as one of the greatest obstacles to the country's progress, and which threatens to destroy any normal initiative and investment if not suppressed or at least minimized. The consequences of this situation in the country are the stratification of society, the maintenance of the concept of criminal enrichment of people, unsuccessful privatization processes, etc. These are the reasons why it is increasingly accepted by the Bosnia and Herzegovinian public that knowledge, skills and abilities are not needed to achieve success, earn wealth or earn professional status in the profession. All of these and many other circumstances have influenced the overall management practice and (in) efficiency of business, especially in the public sector. In order to establish better governance in the public sector in these circumstances, by outsourcing, in the face of competitive competition, it is inevitable that public sector jobs and activities must be entrusted to partner institutions that are not an organizational part of the public sector, but are very well prepared to provide quality and adequate service to their customers.
Keywords: public sector, public administration reform, new business concept, modern management, customer satisfaction.