UDK: 167/168(045)

TEORIJSKO-METODOLOŠKI PRAVCI U NAUČNOM
SAZNANJU DRUŠTVA

THEORETICAL AND METHODOLOGICAL TRENDS IN
SCIENTIFIC KNOWLEDGE SOCIETY

Nezir Krčalo
Fakultet za javnu upravu u Sarajevu
pridružena članica Univerziteta u Sarajevu
Patriotske lige 41,71 000 SARAJEVO
nezir.krcalo@fju.edu.ba

Sažetak

U društvenim naukama postoje različiti pristupi u istraživanju društvenih pojava, i neki su manje a neki više uspješni. Ako se ima u vidu da svaka nauka ima svoj predmet istraživanja onda je sasvim izvjesno da je i u istraživanju društvenih pojava potrebno primijeniti određeni metod. U težnji za saznanjem fenomena društvene stvarnosti ti pokušaji su često okončavali na nivou koncepata, ili se, u nejasnoj nadi da se društvo može proučavati poput prirode, posezalo za metodama prirodnih nauka, ili su se osmišljavale vrlo uspješne metode koje ni danas nimalo ne gube na važnosti. Svi teorijsko-metodološki pravci, uprkos nedostacima i pogreškama, dali
su trajni doprinos u naučnom saznanju društvene stvarnosti, a među njima od posebnog značaja su: pozitivizam, historizam, strukturalizam, funkcionalizam, biheviorizam i dijalektički metod.

Ključne riječi: nauka, metod, predmet, istraživanje, metodologija.

Summary

There are different approaches to the study of social phenomena in the social sciences. Some of them are less successfuland some of them are more. Taking into account that every science has its own subject of research it is quite certain that also in the study of social phenomena should be applied a certain method. In aspiration for knowing of the phenomenon of social reality these attempts have often ended on the level of the concepts, or they, in the unclear hope that society can be studied like nature, resorted to the methods of the natural sciences, or the highly successful methods were conceived that even today no way to lose their importance. Regardless of the specific deficiencies and errors, all of the theoretical and methodological trends have made lasting contribution to the scientific
knowledge of social reality, and among them of particular importance are: positivism, historicism, structuralism, functionalism, behaviorism and the dialectic method.

Keywords: science, method, subject, research,methodology.